/*
 Copyright 2013 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at

 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
 */

/**
 * @license ProtoBuf.js (c) 2013 Daniel Wirtz <dcode@dcode.io>
 * Released under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/ProtoBuf.js for details
 */
(function(global) {
    "use strict";

    function init(ByteBuffer) {

        /**
         * The ProtoBuf namespace.
         * @exports ProtoBuf
         * @namespace
         * @expose
         */
        var ProtoBuf = {};

        /**
         * ProtoBuf.js version.
         * @type {string}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.VERSION = "3.8.2";

        /**
         * Wire types.
         * @type {Object.<string,number>}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES = {};

        /**
         * Varint wire type.
         * @type {number}
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT = 0;

        /**
         * Fixed 64 bits wire type.
         * @type {number}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64 = 1;

        /**
         * Length delimited wire type.
         * @type {number}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM = 2;

        /**
         * Start group wire type.
         * @type {number}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.STARTGROUP = 3;

        /**
         * End group wire type.
         * @type {number}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP = 4;

        /**
         * Fixed 32 bits wire type.
         * @type {number}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32 = 5;

        /**
         * Packable wire types.
         * @type {!Array.<number>}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.PACKABLE_WIRE_TYPES = [
            ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT,
            ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64,
            ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32
        ];

        /**
         * Types.
         * @dict
         * @type {Object.<string,{name: string, wireType: number}>}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.TYPES = {
            // According to the protobuf spec.
            "int32": {
                name: "int32",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT
            },
            "uint32": {
                name: "uint32",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT
            },
            "sint32": {
                name: "sint32",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT
            },
            "int64": {
                name: "int64",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT
            },
            "uint64": {
                name: "uint64",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT
            },
            "sint64": {
                name: "sint64",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT
            },
            "bool": {
                name: "bool",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT
            },
            "double": {
                name: "double",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64
            },
            "string": {
                name: "string",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM
            },
            "bytes": {
                name: "bytes",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM
            },
            "fixed32": {
                name: "fixed32",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32
            },
            "sfixed32": {
                name: "sfixed32",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32
            },
            "fixed64": {
                name: "fixed64",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64
            },
            "sfixed64": {
                name: "sfixed64",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64
            },
            "float": {
                name: "float",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32
            },
            "enum": {
                name: "enum",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT
            },
            "message": {
                name: "message",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM
            },
            "group": {
                name: "group",
                wireType: ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.STARTGROUP
            }
        };

        /**
         * Minimum field id.
         * @type {number}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.ID_MIN = 1;

        /**
         * Maximum field id.
         * @type {number}
         * @const
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.ID_MAX = 0x1FFFFFFF;

        /**
         * @type {!function(new: ByteBuffer, ...[*])}
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.ByteBuffer = ByteBuffer;

        /**
         * @type {?function(new: Long, ...[*])}
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.Long = ByteBuffer.Long || null;

        /**
         * If set to `true`, field names will be converted from underscore notation to camel case. Defaults to `false`.
         *  Must be set prior to parsing.
         * @type {boolean}
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.convertFieldsToCamelCase = false;

        /**
         * By default, messages are populated with (setX, set_x) accessors for each field. This can be disabled by
         *  setting this to `false` prior to building messages.
         * @type {boolean}
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.populateAccessors = true;

        /**
         * @alias ProtoBuf.Util
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.Util = (function() {
            "use strict";

            // Object.create polyfill
            // ref: https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/create
            if (!Object.create)
                /** @expose */
                Object.create = function (o) {
                    if (arguments.length > 1)
                        throw Error('Object.create polyfill only accepts the first parameter.');
                    function F() {}
                    F.prototype = o;
                    return new F();
                };

            /**
             * ProtoBuf utilities.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Util
             * @namespace
             */
            var Util = {};

            /**
             * Flag if running in node (fs is available) or not.
             * @type {boolean}
             * @const
             * @expose
             */
            Util.IS_NODE = false;
            try {
                // There is no reliable way to detect node.js as an environment, so our
                // best bet is to feature-detect what we actually need.
                Util.IS_NODE =
                    typeof require === 'function' &&
                    typeof require("fs").readFileSync === 'function' &&
                    typeof require("path").resolve === 'function';
            } catch (e) {}

            /**
             * Constructs a XMLHttpRequest object.
             * @return {XMLHttpRequest}
             * @throws {Error} If XMLHttpRequest is not supported
             * @expose
             */
            Util.XHR = function() {
                // No dependencies please, ref: http://www.quirksmode.org/js/xmlhttp.html
                var XMLHttpFactories = [
                    function () {return new XMLHttpRequest()},
                    function () {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")},
                    function () {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml3.XMLHTTP")},
                    function () {return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}
                ];
                /** @type {?XMLHttpRequest} */
                var xhr = null;
                for (var i=0;i<XMLHttpFactories.length;i++) {
                    try { xhr = XMLHttpFactories[i](); }
                    catch (e) { continue; }
                    break;
                }
                if (!xhr)
                    throw Error("XMLHttpRequest is not supported");
                return xhr;
            };

            /**
             * Fetches a resource.
             * @param {string} path Resource path
             * @param {function(?string)=} callback Callback receiving the resource's contents. If omitted the resource will
             *   be fetched synchronously. If the request failed, contents will be null.
             * @return {?string|undefined} Resource contents if callback is omitted (null if the request failed), else undefined.
             * @expose
             */
            Util.fetch = function(path, callback) {
                if (callback && typeof callback != 'function')
                    callback = null;
                if (Util.IS_NODE) {
                    if (callback) {
                        require("fs").readFile(path, function(err, data) {
                            if (err)
                                callback(null);
                            else
                                callback(""+data);
                        });
                    } else
                        try {
                            return require("fs").readFileSync(path);
                        } catch (e) {
                            return null;
                        }
                } else {
                    var xhr = Util.XHR();
                    xhr.open('GET', path, callback ? true : false);
                    // xhr.setRequestHeader('User-Agent', 'XMLHTTP/1.0');
                    xhr.setRequestHeader('Accept', 'text/plain');
                    if (typeof xhr.overrideMimeType === 'function') xhr.overrideMimeType('text/plain');
                    if (callback) {
                        xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
                            if (xhr.readyState != 4) return;
                            if (/* remote */ xhr.status == 200 || /* local */ (xhr.status == 0 && typeof xhr.responseText === 'string'))
                                callback(xhr.responseText);
                            else
                                callback(null);
                        };
                        if (xhr.readyState == 4)
                            return;
                        xhr.send(null);
                    } else {
                        xhr.send(null);
                        if (/* remote */ xhr.status == 200 || /* local */ (xhr.status == 0 && typeof xhr.responseText === 'string'))
                            return xhr.responseText;
                        return null;
                    }
                }
            };

            /**
             * Tests if an object is an array.
             * @function
             * @param {*} obj Object to test
             * @returns {boolean} true if it is an array, else false
             * @expose
             */
            Util.isArray = Array.isArray || function(obj) {
                return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj) === "[object Array]";
            };

            return Util;
        })();

        /**
         * Language expressions.
         * @type {!Object.<string,string|!RegExp>}
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.Lang = {
            OPEN: "{",
            CLOSE: "}",
            OPTOPEN: "[",
            OPTCLOSE: "]",
            OPTEND: ",",
            EQUAL: "=",
            END: ";",
            STRINGOPEN: '"',
            STRINGCLOSE: '"',
            STRINGOPEN_SQ: "'",
            STRINGCLOSE_SQ: "'",
            COPTOPEN: '(',
            COPTCLOSE: ')',
            DELIM: /[\s\{\}=;\[\],'"\(\)]/g,
            // KEYWORD: /^(?:package|option|import|message|enum|extend|service|syntax|extensions|group)$/,
            RULE: /^(?:required|optional|repeated)$/,
            TYPE: /^(?:double|float|int32|uint32|sint32|int64|uint64|sint64|fixed32|sfixed32|fixed64|sfixed64|bool|string|bytes)$/,
            NAME: /^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/,
            TYPEDEF: /^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_0-9]*$/,
            TYPEREF: /^(?:\.?[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)+$/,
            FQTYPEREF: /^(?:\.[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z_0-9]*)+$/,
            NUMBER: /^-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*|0|0x[0-9a-fA-F]+|0[0-7]+|([0-9]*\.[0-9]+([Ee][+-]?[0-9]+)?))$/,
            NUMBER_DEC: /^(?:[1-9][0-9]*|0)$/,
            NUMBER_HEX: /^0x[0-9a-fA-F]+$/,
            NUMBER_OCT: /^0[0-7]+$/,
            NUMBER_FLT: /^[0-9]*\.[0-9]+([Ee][+-]?[0-9]+)?$/,
            ID: /^(?:[1-9][0-9]*|0|0x[0-9a-fA-F]+|0[0-7]+)$/,
            NEGID: /^\-?(?:[1-9][0-9]*|0|0x[0-9a-fA-F]+|0[0-7]+)$/,
            WHITESPACE: /\s/,
            STRING: /(?:"([^"\\]*(?:\\.[^"\\]*)*)")|(?:'([^'\\]*(?:\\.[^'\\]*)*)')/g,
            BOOL: /^(?:true|false)$/i
        };


        /**
         * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.Reflect = (function(ProtoBuf) {
            "use strict";

            /**
             * Reflection types.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect
             * @namespace
             */
            var Reflect = {};

            /**
             * Constructs a Reflect base class.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
             * @constructor
             * @abstract
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} parent Parent object
             * @param {string} name Object name
             */
            var T = function(builder, parent, name) {

                /**
                 * Builder reference.
                 * @type {!ProtoBuf.Builder}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.builder = builder;

                /**
                 * Parent object.
                 * @type {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.T}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.parent = parent;

                /**
                 * Object name in namespace.
                 * @type {string}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.name = name;

                /**
                 * Fully qualified class name
                 * @type {string}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.className;
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.T.prototype
             * @inner
             */
            var TPrototype = T.prototype;

            /**
             * Returns the fully qualified name of this object.
             * @returns {string} Fully qualified name as of ".PATH.TO.THIS"
             * @expose
             */
            TPrototype.fqn = function() {
                var name = this.name,
                    ptr = this;
                do {
                    ptr = ptr.parent;
                    if (ptr == null)
                        break;
                    name = ptr.name+"."+name;
                } while (true);
                return name;
            };

            /**
             * Returns a string representation of this Reflect object (its fully qualified name).
             * @param {boolean=} includeClass Set to true to include the class name. Defaults to false.
             * @return String representation
             * @expose
             */
            TPrototype.toString = function(includeClass) {
                return (includeClass ? this.className + " " : "") + this.fqn();
            };

            /**
             * Builds this type.
             * @throws {Error} If this type cannot be built directly
             * @expose
             */
            TPrototype.build = function() {
                throw Error(this.toString(true)+" cannot be built directly");
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.T = T;

            /**
             * Constructs a new Namespace.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace} parent Namespace parent
             * @param {string} name Namespace name
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Namespace options
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
             */
            var Namespace = function(builder, parent, name, options) {
                T.call(this, builder, parent, name);

                /**
                 * @override
                 */
                this.className = "Namespace";

                /**
                 * Children inside the namespace.
                 * @type {!Array.<ProtoBuf.Reflect.T>}
                 */
                this.children = [];

                /**
                 * Options.
                 * @type {!Object.<string, *>}
                 */
                this.options = options || {};
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace.prototype
             * @inner
             */
            var NamespacePrototype = Namespace.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);

            /**
             * Returns an array of the namespace's children.
             * @param {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T=} type Filter type (returns instances of this type only). Defaults to null (all children).
             * @return {Array.<ProtoBuf.Reflect.T>}
             * @expose
             */
            NamespacePrototype.getChildren = function(type) {
                type = type || null;
                if (type == null)
                    return this.children.slice();
                var children = [];
                for (var i=0, k=this.children.length; i<k; ++i)
                    if (this.children[i] instanceof type)
                        children.push(this.children[i]);
                return children;
            };

            /**
             * Adds a child to the namespace.
             * @param {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} child Child
             * @throws {Error} If the child cannot be added (duplicate)
             * @expose
             */
            NamespacePrototype.addChild = function(child) {
                var other;
                if (other = this.getChild(child.name)) {
                    // Try to revert camelcase transformation on collision
                    if (other instanceof Message.Field && other.name !== other.originalName && this.getChild(other.originalName) === null)
                        other.name = other.originalName; // Revert previous first (effectively keeps both originals)
                    else if (child instanceof Message.Field && child.name !== child.originalName && this.getChild(child.originalName) === null)
                        child.name = child.originalName;
                    else
                        throw Error("Duplicate name in namespace "+this.toString(true)+": "+child.name);
                }
                this.children.push(child);
            };

            /**
             * Gets a child by its name or id.
             * @param {string|number} nameOrId Child name or id
             * @return {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} The child or null if not found
             * @expose
             */
            NamespacePrototype.getChild = function(nameOrId) {
                var key = typeof nameOrId === 'number' ? 'id' : 'name';
                for (var i=0, k=this.children.length; i<k; ++i)
                    if (this.children[i][key] === nameOrId)
                        return this.children[i];
                return null;
            };

            /**
             * Resolves a reflect object inside of this namespace.
             * @param {string} qn Qualified name to resolve
             * @param {boolean=} excludeFields Excludes fields, defaults to `false`
             * @return {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace} The resolved type or null if not found
             * @expose
             */
            NamespacePrototype.resolve = function(qn, excludeFields) {
                var part = qn.split("."),
                    ptr = this,
                    i = 0;
                if (part[i] === "") { // Fully qualified name, e.g. ".My.Message'
                    while (ptr.parent !== null)
                        ptr = ptr.parent;
                    i++;
                }
                var child;
                do {
                    do {
                        child = ptr.getChild(part[i]);
                        if (!child || !(child instanceof Reflect.T) || (excludeFields && child instanceof Reflect.Message.Field)) {
                            ptr = null;
                            break;
                        }
                        ptr = child; i++;
                    } while (i < part.length);
                    if (ptr != null)
                        break; // Found
                    // Else search the parent
                    if (this.parent !== null) {
                        return this.parent.resolve(qn, excludeFields);
                    }
                } while (ptr != null);
                return ptr;
            };

            /**
             * Builds the namespace and returns the runtime counterpart.
             * @return {Object.<string,Function|Object>} Runtime namespace
             * @expose
             */
            NamespacePrototype.build = function() {
                /** @dict */
                var ns = {};
                var children = this.children;
                for (var i=0, k=children.length, child; i<k; ++i) {
                    child = children[i];
                    if (child instanceof Namespace)
                        ns[child.name] = child.build();
                }
                if (Object.defineProperty)
                    Object.defineProperty(ns, "$options", { "value": this.buildOpt() });
                return ns;
            };

            /**
             * Builds the namespace's '$options' property.
             * @return {Object.<string,*>}
             */
            NamespacePrototype.buildOpt = function() {
                var opt = {},
                    keys = Object.keys(this.options);
                for (var i=0, k=keys.length; i<k; ++i) {
                    var key = keys[i],
                        val = this.options[keys[i]];
                    // TODO: Options are not resolved, yet.
                    // if (val instanceof Namespace) {
                    //     opt[key] = val.build();
                    // } else {
                    opt[key] = val;
                    // }
                }
                return opt;
            };

            /**
             * Gets the value assigned to the option with the specified name.
             * @param {string=} name Returns the option value if specified, otherwise all options are returned.
             * @return {*|Object.<string,*>}null} Option value or NULL if there is no such option
             */
            NamespacePrototype.getOption = function(name) {
                if (typeof name === 'undefined')
                    return this.options;
                return typeof this.options[name] !== 'undefined' ? this.options[name] : null;
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Namespace = Namespace;

            /**
             * Constructs a new Message.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace} parent Parent message or namespace
             * @param {string} name Message name
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Message options
             * @param {boolean=} isGroup `true` if this is a legacy group
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
             */
            var Message = function(builder, parent, name, options, isGroup) {
                Namespace.call(this, builder, parent, name, options);

                /**
                 * @override
                 */
                this.className = "Message";

                /**
                 * Extensions range.
                 * @type {!Array.<number>}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.extensions = [ProtoBuf.ID_MIN, ProtoBuf.ID_MAX];

                /**
                 * Runtime message class.
                 * @type {?function(new:ProtoBuf.Builder.Message)}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.clazz = null;

                /**
                 * Whether this is a legacy group or not.
                 * @type {boolean}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.isGroup = !!isGroup;

                // The following cached collections are used to efficiently iterate over or look up fields when decoding.

                /**
                 * Cached fields.
                 * @type {?Array.<!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field>}
                 * @private
                 */
                this._fields = null;

                /**
                 * Cached fields by id.
                 * @type {?Object.<number,!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field>}
                 * @private
                 */
                this._fieldsById = null;

                /**
                 * Cached fields by name.
                 * @type {?Object.<string,!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field>}
                 * @private
                 */
                this._fieldsByName = null;
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.prototype
             * @inner
             */
            var MessagePrototype = Message.prototype = Object.create(Namespace.prototype);

            /**
             * Builds the message and returns the runtime counterpart, which is a fully functional class.
             * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message
             * @param {boolean=} rebuild Whether to rebuild or not, defaults to false
             * @return {ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message} Message class
             * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be built
             * @expose
             */
            MessagePrototype.build = function(rebuild) {
                if (this.clazz && !rebuild)
                    return this.clazz;

                // Create the runtime Message class in its own scope
                var clazz = (function(ProtoBuf, T) {

                    var fields = T.getChildren(ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field),
                        oneofs = T.getChildren(ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf);

                    /**
                     * Constructs a new runtime Message.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message
                     * @class Barebone of all runtime messages.
                     * @param {!Object.<string,*>|string} values Preset values
                     * @param {...string} var_args
                     * @constructor
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be created
                     */
                    var Message = function(values, var_args) {
                        ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.call(this);

                        // Create virtual oneof properties
                        for (var i=0, k=oneofs.length; i<k; ++i)
                            this[oneofs[i].name] = null;
                        // Create fields and set default values
                        for (i=0, k=fields.length; i<k; ++i) {
                            var field = fields[i];
                            this[field.name] = field.repeated ? [] : null;
                            if (field.required && field.defaultValue !== null)
                                this[field.name] = field.defaultValue;
                        }

                        if (arguments.length > 0) {
                            // Set field values from a values object
                            if (arguments.length === 1 && typeof values === 'object' &&
                                /* not another Message */ typeof values.encode !== 'function' &&
                                /* not a repeated field */ !ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(values) &&
                                /* not a ByteBuffer */ !(values instanceof ByteBuffer) &&
                                /* not an ArrayBuffer */ !(values instanceof ArrayBuffer) &&
                                /* not a Long */ !(ProtoBuf.Long && values instanceof ProtoBuf.Long)) {
                                var keys = Object.keys(values);
                                for (i=0, k=keys.length; i<k; ++i)
                                    this.$set(keys[i], values[keys[i]]); // May throw
                            } else // Set field values from arguments, in declaration order
                                for (i=0, k=arguments.length; i<k; ++i)
                                    this.$set(fields[i].name, arguments[i]); // May throw
                        }
                    };

                    /**
                     * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.prototype
                     * @inner
                     */
                    var MessagePrototype = Message.prototype = Object.create(ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.prototype);

                    /**
                     * Adds a value to a repeated field.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#add
                     * @function
                     * @param {string} key Field name
                     * @param {*} value Value to add
                     * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to assert the value or not (asserts by default)
                     * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be added
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.add = function(key, value, noAssert) {
                        var field = T._fieldsByName[key];
                        if (!noAssert) {
                            if (!field)
                                throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is undefined");
                            if (!(field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field))
                                throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a field: "+field.toString(true)); // May throw if it's an enum or embedded message
                            if (!field.repeated)
                                throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a repeated field");
                        }
                        if (this[field.name] === null)
                            this[field.name] = [];
                        this[field.name].push(noAssert ? value : field.verifyValue(value, true));
                    };

                    /**
                     * Adds a value to a repeated field. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#add}.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$add
                     * @function
                     * @param {string} key Field name
                     * @param {*} value Value to add
                     * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to assert the value or not (asserts by default)
                     * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be added
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.$add = MessagePrototype.add;

                    /**
                     * Sets a field's value.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#set
                     * @function
                     * @param {string} key Key
                     * @param {*} value Value to set
                     * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert for an actual field / proper value type, defaults to `false`
                     * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} this
                     * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.set = function(key, value, noAssert) {
                        if (key && typeof key === 'object') {
                            for (var i in key)
                                if (key.hasOwnProperty(i))
                                    this.$set(i, key[i], noAssert);
                            return this;
                        }
                        var field = T._fieldsByName[key];
                        if (!noAssert) {
                            if (!field)
                                throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a field: undefined");
                            if (!(field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field))
                                throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a field: "+field.toString(true));
                            this[field.name] = (value = field.verifyValue(value)); // May throw
                        } else {
                            this[field.name] = value;
                        }
                        if (field.oneof) {
                            if (value !== null) {
                                if (this[field.oneof.name] !== null)
                                    this[this[field.oneof.name]] = null; // Unset the previous (field name is the oneof field's value)
                                this[field.oneof.name] = field.name;
                            } else if (field.oneof.name === key)
                                this[field.oneof.name] = null;
                        }
                        return this;
                    };

                    /**
                     * Sets a field's value. This is an alias for [@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#set}.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$set
                     * @function
                     * @param {string} key Key
                     * @param {*} value Value to set
                     * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert the value, defaults to `false`
                     * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.$set = MessagePrototype.set;

                    /**
                     * Gets a field's value.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#get
                     * @function
                     * @param {string} key Key
                     * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert for an actual field, defaults to `false`
                     * @return {*} Value
                     * @throws {Error} If there is no such field
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.get = function(key, noAssert) {
                        if (noAssert)
                            return this[key];
                        var field = T._fieldsByName[key];
                        if (!field || !(field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field))
                            throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a field: undefined");
                        if (!(field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field))
                            throw Error(this+"#"+key+" is not a field: "+field.toString(true));
                        return this[field.name];
                    };

                    /**
                     * Gets a field's value. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$get}.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$get
                     * @function
                     * @param {string} key Key
                     * @return {*} Value
                     * @throws {Error} If there is no such field
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.$get = MessagePrototype.get;

                    // Getters and setters

                    for (var i=0; i<fields.length; i++) {
                        var field = fields[i];
                        // no setters for extension fields as these are named by their fqn
                        if (field instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.ExtensionField)
                            continue;

                        if (T.builder.options['populateAccessors'])
                            (function(field) {
                                // set/get[SomeValue]
                                var Name = field.originalName.replace(/(_[a-zA-Z])/g, function(match) {
                                    return match.toUpperCase().replace('_','');
                                });
                                Name = Name.substring(0,1).toUpperCase() + Name.substring(1);

                                // set/get_[some_value] FIXME: Do we really need these?
                                var name = field.originalName.replace(/([A-Z])/g, function(match) {
                                    return "_"+match;
                                });

                                /**
                                 * The current field's unbound setter function.
                                 * @function
                                 * @param {*} value
                                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert
                                 * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message}
                                 * @inner
                                 */
                                var setter = function(value, noAssert) {
                                    this[field.name] = noAssert ? value : field.verifyValue(value);
                                    return this;
                                };

                                /**
                                 * The current field's unbound getter function.
                                 * @function
                                 * @returns {*}
                                 * @inner
                                 */
                                var getter = function() {
                                    return this[field.name];
                                };

                                /**
                                 * Sets a value. This method is present for each field, but only if there is no name conflict with
                                 *  another field.
                                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#set[SomeField]
                                 * @function
                                 * @param {*} value Value to set
                                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert the value, defaults to `false`
                                 * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} this
                                 * @abstract
                                 * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set
                                 */
                                if (T.getChild("set"+Name) === null)
                                    MessagePrototype["set"+Name] = setter;

                                /**
                                 * Sets a value. This method is present for each field, but only if there is no name conflict with
                                 *  another field.
                                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#set_[some_field]
                                 * @function
                                 * @param {*} value Value to set
                                 * @param {boolean=} noAssert Whether to not assert the value, defaults to `false`
                                 * @returns {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} this
                                 * @abstract
                                 * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set
                                 */
                                if (T.getChild("set_"+name) === null)
                                    MessagePrototype["set_"+name] = setter;

                                /**
                                 * Gets a value. This method is present for each field, but only if there is no name conflict with
                                 *  another field.
                                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#get[SomeField]
                                 * @function
                                 * @abstract
                                 * @return {*} The value
                                 */
                                if (T.getChild("get"+Name) === null)
                                    MessagePrototype["get"+Name] = getter;

                                /**
                                 * Gets a value. This method is present for each field, but only if there is no name conflict with
                                 *  another field.
                                 * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#get_[some_field]
                                 * @function
                                 * @return {*} The value
                                 * @abstract
                                 */
                                if (T.getChild("get_"+name) === null)
                                    MessagePrototype["get_"+name] = getter;

                            })(field);
                    }

                    // En-/decoding

                    /**
                     * Encodes the message.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$encode
                     * @function
                     * @param {(!ByteBuffer|boolean)=} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to. Will create a new one and flip it if omitted.
                     * @param {boolean=} noVerify Whether to not verify field values, defaults to `false`
                     * @return {!ByteBuffer} Encoded message as a ByteBuffer
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the encoded ByteBuffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encode64
                     * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeHex
                     * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeAB
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.encode = function(buffer, noVerify) {
                        if (typeof buffer === 'boolean')
                            noVerify = buffer,
                            buffer = undefined;
                        var isNew = false;
                        if (!buffer)
                            buffer = new ByteBuffer(),
                            isNew = true;
                        var le = buffer.littleEndian;
                        try {
                            T.encode(this, buffer.LE(), noVerify);
                            return (isNew ? buffer.flip() : buffer).LE(le);
                        } catch (e) {
                            buffer.LE(le);
                            throw(e);
                        }
                    };

                    /**
                     * Calculates the byte length of the message.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#calculate
                     * @function
                     * @returns {number} Byte length
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be calculated or if required fields are missing.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.calculate = function() {
                        return T.calculate(this);
                    };

                    /**
                     * Encodes the varint32 length-delimited message.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeDelimited
                     * @function
                     * @param {(!ByteBuffer|boolean)=} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to. Will create a new one and flip it if omitted.
                     * @return {!ByteBuffer} Encoded message as a ByteBuffer
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the encoded ByteBuffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.encodeDelimited = function(buffer) {
                        var isNew = false;
                        if (!buffer)
                            buffer = new ByteBuffer(),
                            isNew = true;
                        var enc = new ByteBuffer().LE();
                        T.encode(this, enc).flip();
                        buffer.writeVarint32(enc.remaining());
                        buffer.append(enc);
                        return isNew ? buffer.flip() : buffer;
                    };

                    /**
                     * Directly encodes the message to an ArrayBuffer.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeAB
                     * @function
                     * @return {ArrayBuffer} Encoded message as ArrayBuffer
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the encoded ArrayBuffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.encodeAB = function() {
                        try {
                            return this.encode().toArrayBuffer();
                        } catch (e) {
                            if (e["encoded"]) e["encoded"] = e["encoded"].toArrayBuffer();
                            throw(e);
                        }
                    };

                    /**
                     * Returns the message as an ArrayBuffer. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeAB}.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toArrayBuffer
                     * @function
                     * @return {ArrayBuffer} Encoded message as ArrayBuffer
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the encoded ArrayBuffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.toArrayBuffer = MessagePrototype.encodeAB;

                    /**
                     * Directly encodes the message to a node Buffer.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeNB
                     * @function
                     * @return {!Buffer}
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded, not running under node.js or if required fields are
                     *  missing. The later still returns the encoded node Buffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.encodeNB = function() {
                        try {
                            return this.encode().toBuffer();
                        } catch (e) {
                            if (e["encoded"]) e["encoded"] = e["encoded"].toBuffer();
                            throw(e);
                        }
                    };

                    /**
                     * Returns the message as a node Buffer. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeNB}.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toBuffer
                     * @function
                     * @return {!Buffer}
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the encoded node Buffer in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.toBuffer = MessagePrototype.encodeNB;

                    /**
                     * Directly encodes the message to a base64 encoded string.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encode64
                     * @function
                     * @return {string} Base64 encoded string
                     * @throws {Error} If the underlying buffer cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later
                     *  still returns the encoded base64 string in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.encode64 = function() {
                        try {
                            return this.encode().toBase64();
                        } catch (e) {
                            if (e["encoded"]) e["encoded"] = e["encoded"].toBase64();
                            throw(e);
                        }
                    };

                    /**
                     * Returns the message as a base64 encoded string. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encode64}.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toBase64
                     * @function
                     * @return {string} Base64 encoded string
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the encoded base64 string in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.toBase64 = MessagePrototype.encode64;

                    /**
                     * Directly encodes the message to a hex encoded string.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeHex
                     * @function
                     * @return {string} Hex encoded string
                     * @throws {Error} If the underlying buffer cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later
                     *  still returns the encoded hex string in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.encodeHex = function() {
                        try {
                            return this.encode().toHex();
                        } catch (e) {
                            if (e["encoded"]) e["encoded"] = e["encoded"].toHex();
                            throw(e);
                        }
                    };

                    /**
                     * Returns the message as a hex encoded string. This is an alias for {@link ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#encodeHex}.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toHex
                     * @function
                     * @return {string} Hex encoded string
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be encoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the encoded hex string in the `encoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.toHex = MessagePrototype.encodeHex;

                    /**
                     * Clones a message object to a raw object.
                     * @param {*} obj Object to clone
                     * @param {boolean} includeBinaryAsBase64 Whether to include binary data as base64 strings or not
                     * @returns {*} Cloned object
                     * @inner
                     */
                    function cloneRaw(obj, includeBinaryAsBase64) {
                        var clone = {};
                        for (var i in obj)
                            if (obj.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
                                if (obj[i] === null || typeof obj[i] !== 'object')
                                    clone[i] = obj[i];
                                else if (obj[i] instanceof ByteBuffer) {
                                    if (includeBinaryAsBase64)
                                        clone[i] = obj[i].toBase64();
                                } else // is a non-null object
                                    clone[i] = cloneRaw(obj[i], includeBinaryAsBase64);
                            }
                        return clone;
                    }

                    /**
                     * Returns the message's raw payload.
                     * @param {boolean=} includeBinaryAsBase64 Whether to include binary data as base64 strings or not, defaults to `false`
                     * @returns {Object.<string,*>} Raw payload
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.toRaw = function(includeBinaryAsBase64) {
                        return cloneRaw(this, !!includeBinaryAsBase64);
                    };

                    /**
                     * Decodes a message from the specified buffer or string.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decode
                     * @function
                     * @param {!ByteBuffer|!ArrayBuffer|!Buffer|string} buffer Buffer to decode from
                     * @param {string=} enc Encoding if buffer is a string: hex, utf8 (not recommended), defaults to base64
                     * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the decoded message with missing fields in the `decoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decode64
                     * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decodeHex
                     */
                    Message.decode = function(buffer, enc) {
                        if (typeof buffer === 'string')
                            buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, enc ? enc : "base64");
                        buffer = buffer instanceof ByteBuffer ? buffer : ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer); // May throw
                        var le = buffer.littleEndian;
                        try {
                            var msg = T.decode(buffer.LE());
                            buffer.LE(le);
                            return msg;
                        } catch (e) {
                            buffer.LE(le);
                            throw(e);
                        }
                    };

                    /**
                     * Decodes a varint32 length-delimited message from the specified buffer or string.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decodeDelimited
                     * @function
                     * @param {!ByteBuffer|!ArrayBuffer|!Buffer|string} buffer Buffer to decode from
                     * @param {string=} enc Encoding if buffer is a string: hex, utf8 (not recommended), defaults to base64
                     * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message or `null` if not enough bytes are available yet
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the decoded message with missing fields in the `decoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    Message.decodeDelimited = function(buffer, enc) {
                        if (typeof buffer === 'string')
                            buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, enc ? enc : "base64");
                        buffer = buffer instanceof ByteBuffer ? buffer : ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer); // May throw
                        if (buffer.remaining() < 1)
                            return null;
                        var off = buffer.offset,
                            len = buffer.readVarint32();
                        if (buffer.remaining() < len) {
                            buffer.offset = off;
                            return null;
                        }
                        try {
                            var msg = T.decode(buffer.slice(buffer.offset, buffer.offset + len).LE());
                            buffer.offset += len;
                            return msg;
                        } catch (err) {
                            buffer.offset += len;
                            throw err;
                        }
                    };

                    /**
                     * Decodes the message from the specified base64 encoded string.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decode64
                     * @function
                     * @param {string} str String to decode from
                     * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the decoded message with missing fields in the `decoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    Message.decode64 = function(str) {
                        return Message.decode(str, "base64");
                    };

                    /**
                     * Decodes the message from the specified hex encoded string.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.decodeHex
                     * @function
                     * @param {string} str String to decode from
                     * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
                     * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded or if required fields are missing. The later still
                     *  returns the decoded message with missing fields in the `decoded` property on the error.
                     * @expose
                     */
                    Message.decodeHex = function(str) {
                        return Message.decode(str, "hex");
                    };

                    // Utility

                    /**
                     * Returns a string representation of this Message.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#toString
                     * @function
                     * @return {string} String representation as of ".Fully.Qualified.MessageName"
                     * @expose
                     */
                    MessagePrototype.toString = function() {
                        return T.toString();
                    };

                    // Properties

                    /**
                     * Options.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message.$options
                     * @type {Object.<string,*>}
                     * @expose
                     */
                    var $options; // cc

                    /**
                     * Reflection type.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Message#$type
                     * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message}
                     * @expose
                     */
                    var $type; // cc

                    if (Object.defineProperty)
                        Object.defineProperty(Message, '$options', { "value": T.buildOpt() }),
                        Object.defineProperty(MessagePrototype, "$type", {
                            get: function() { return T; }
                        });

                    return Message;

                })(ProtoBuf, this);

                // Static enums and prototyped sub-messages / cached collections
                this._fields = [];
                this._fieldsById = {};
                this._fieldsByName = {};
                for (var i=0, k=this.children.length, child; i<k; i++) {
                    child = this.children[i];
                    if (child instanceof Enum)
                        clazz[child.name] = child.build();
                    else if (child instanceof Message)
                        clazz[child.name] = child.build();
                    else if (child instanceof Message.Field)
                        child.build(),
                        this._fields.push(child),
                        this._fieldsById[child.id] = child,
                        this._fieldsByName[child.name] = child;
                    else if (!(child instanceof Message.OneOf) && !(child instanceof Extension)) // Not built
                        throw Error("Illegal reflect child of "+this.toString(true)+": "+children[i].toString(true));
                }

                return this.clazz = clazz;
            };

            /**
             * Encodes a runtime message's contents to the specified buffer.
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} message Runtime message to encode
             * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to write to
             * @param {boolean=} noVerify Whether to not verify field values, defaults to `false`
             * @return {ByteBuffer} The ByteBuffer for chaining
             * @throws {Error} If required fields are missing or the message cannot be encoded for another reason
             * @expose
             */
            MessagePrototype.encode = function(message, buffer, noVerify) {
                var fieldMissing = null,
                    field;
                for (var i=0, k=this._fields.length, val; i<k; ++i) {
                    field = this._fields[i];
                    val = message[field.name];
                    if (field.required && val === null) {
                        if (fieldMissing === null)
                            fieldMissing = field;
                    } else
                        field.encode(noVerify ? val : field.verifyValue(val), buffer);
                }
                if (fieldMissing !== null) {
                    var err = Error("Missing at least one required field for "+this.toString(true)+": "+fieldMissing);
                    err["encoded"] = buffer; // Still expose what we got
                    throw(err);
                }
                return buffer;
            };

            /**
             * Calculates a runtime message's byte length.
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} message Runtime message to encode
             * @returns {number} Byte length
             * @throws {Error} If required fields are missing or the message cannot be calculated for another reason
             * @expose
             */
            MessagePrototype.calculate = function(message) {
                for (var n=0, i=0, k=this._fields.length, field, val; i<k; ++i) {
                    field = this._fields[i];
                    val = message[field.name];
                    if (field.required && val === null)
                       throw Error("Missing at least one required field for "+this.toString(true)+": "+field);
                    else
                        n += field.calculate(val);
                }
                return n;
            };

            /**
             * Skips all data until the end of the specified group has been reached.
             * @param {number} expectedId Expected GROUPEND id
             * @param {!ByteBuffer} buf ByteBuffer
             * @returns {boolean} `true` if a value as been skipped, `false` if the end has been reached
             * @throws {Error} If it wasn't possible to find the end of the group (buffer overrun or end tag mismatch)
             * @inner
             */
            function skipTillGroupEnd(expectedId, buf) {
                var tag = buf.readVarint32(), // Throws on OOB
                    wireType = tag & 0x07,
                    id = tag >> 3;
                switch (wireType) {
                    case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT:
                        do tag = buf.readUint8();
                        while ((tag & 0x80) === 0x80);
                        break;
                    case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64:
                        buf.offset += 8;
                        break;
                    case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM:
                        tag = buf.readVarint32(); // reads the varint
                        buf.offset += tag;        // skips n bytes
                        break;
                    case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.STARTGROUP:
                        skipTillGroupEnd(id, buf);
                        break;
                    case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP:
                        if (id === expectedId)
                            return false;
                        else
                            throw Error("Illegal GROUPEND after unknown group: "+id+" ("+expectedId+" expected)");
                    case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32:
                        buf.offset += 4;
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw Error("Illegal wire type in unknown group "+expectedId+": "+wireType);
                }
                return true;
            }

            /**
             * Decodes an encoded message and returns the decoded message.
             * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to decode from
             * @param {number=} length Message length. Defaults to decode all the available data.
             * @param {number=} expectedGroupEndId Expected GROUPEND id if this is a legacy group
             * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} Decoded message
             * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be decoded
             * @expose
             */
            MessagePrototype.decode = function(buffer, length, expectedGroupEndId) {
                length = typeof length === 'number' ? length : -1;
                var start = buffer.offset,
                    msg = new (this.clazz)(),
                    tag, wireType, id, field;
                while (buffer.offset < start+length || (length === -1 && buffer.remaining() > 0)) {
                    tag = buffer.readVarint32();
                    wireType = tag & 0x07;
                    id = tag >> 3;
                    if (wireType === ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP) {
                        if (id !== expectedGroupEndId)
                            throw Error("Illegal group end indicator for "+this.toString(true)+": "+id+" ("+(expectedGroupEndId ? expectedGroupEndId+" expected" : "not a group")+")");
                        break;
                    }
                    if (!(field = this._fieldsById[id])) {
                        // "messages created by your new code can be parsed by your old code: old binaries simply ignore the new field when parsing."
                        switch (wireType) {
                            case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.VARINT:
                                buffer.readVarint32();
                                break;
                            case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS32:
                                buffer.offset += 4;
                                break;
                            case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.BITS64:
                                buffer.offset += 8;
                                break;
                            case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM:
                                var len = buffer.readVarint32();
                                buffer.offset += len;
                                break;
                            case ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.STARTGROUP:
                                while (skipTillGroupEnd(id, buffer)) {}
                                break;
                            default:
                                throw Error("Illegal wire type for unknown field "+id+" in "+this.toString(true)+"#decode: "+wireType);
                        }
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (field.repeated && !field.options["packed"])
                        msg[field.name].push(field.decode(wireType, buffer));
                    else {
                        msg[field.name] = field.decode(wireType, buffer);
                        if (field.oneof) {
                            if (this[field.oneof.name] !== null)
                                this[this[field.oneof.name]] = null;
                            msg[field.oneof.name] = field.name;
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Check if all required fields are present and set default values for optional fields that are not
                for (var i=0, k=this._fields.length; i<k; ++i) {
                    field = this._fields[i];
                    if (msg[field.name] === null)
                        if (field.required) {
                            var err = Error("Missing at least one required field for "+this.toString(true)+": "+field.name);
                            err["decoded"] = msg; // Still expose what we got
                            throw(err);
                        } else if (field.defaultValue !== null)
                            msg[field.name] = field.defaultValue;
                }
                return msg;
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Message = Message;

            /**
             * Constructs a new Message Field.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message} message Message reference
             * @param {string} rule Rule, one of requried, optional, repeated
             * @param {string} type Data type, e.g. int32
             * @param {string} name Field name
             * @param {number} id Unique field id
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf=} oneof Enclosing OneOf
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
             */
            var Field = function(builder, message, rule, type, name, id, options, oneof) {
                T.call(this, builder, message, name);

                /**
                 * @override
                 */
                this.className = "Message.Field";

                /**
                 * Message field required flag.
                 * @type {boolean}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.required = rule === "required";

                /**
                 * Message field repeated flag.
                 * @type {boolean}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.repeated = rule === "repeated";

                /**
                 * Message field type. Type reference string if unresolved, protobuf type if resolved.
                 * @type {string|{name: string, wireType: number}}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.type = type;

                /**
                 * Resolved type reference inside the global namespace.
                 * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T|null}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.resolvedType = null;

                /**
                 * Unique message field id.
                 * @type {number}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.id = id;

                /**
                 * Message field options.
                 * @type {!Object.<string,*>}
                 * @dict
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.options = options || {};

                /**
                 * Default value.
                 * @type {*}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.defaultValue = null;

                /**
                 * Enclosing OneOf.
                 * @type {?ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.oneof = oneof || null;

                /**
                 * Original field name.
                 * @type {string}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.originalName = this.name; // Used to revert camelcase transformation on naming collisions

                // Convert field names to camel case notation if the override is set
                if (this.builder.options['convertFieldsToCamelCase'] && !(this instanceof Message.ExtensionField))
                    this.name = Field._toCamelCase(this.name);
            };

            /**
             * Converts a field name to camel case.
             * @param {string} name Likely underscore notated name
             * @returns {string} Camel case notated name
             * @private
             */
            Field._toCamelCase = function(name) {
                return name.replace(/_([a-zA-Z])/g, function($0, $1) {
                    return $1.toUpperCase();
                });
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field.prototype
             * @inner
             */
            var FieldPrototype = Field.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);

            /**
             * Builds the field.
             * @override
             * @expose
             */
            FieldPrototype.build = function() {
                this.defaultValue = typeof this.options['default'] !== 'undefined'
                    ? this.verifyValue(this.options['default']) : null;
            };

            /**
             * Makes a Long from a value.
             * @param {{low: number, high: number, unsigned: boolean}|string|number} value Value
             * @param {boolean=} unsigned Whether unsigned or not, defaults to reuse it from Long-like objects or to signed for
             *  strings and numbers
             * @returns {!Long}
             * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be converted to a Long
             * @inner
             */
            function mkLong(value, unsigned) {
                if (value && typeof value.low === 'number' && typeof value.high === 'number' && typeof value.unsigned === 'boolean'
                    && value.low === value.low && value.high === value.high)
                    return new ProtoBuf.Long(value.low, value.high, typeof unsigned === 'undefined' ? value.unsigned : unsigned);
                if (typeof value === 'string')
                    return ProtoBuf.Long.fromString(value, unsigned || false, 10);
                if (typeof value === 'number')
                    return ProtoBuf.Long.fromNumber(value, unsigned || false);
                throw Error("not convertible to Long");
            }

            /**
             * Checks if the given value can be set for this field.
             * @param {*} value Value to check
             * @param {boolean=} skipRepeated Whether to skip the repeated value check or not. Defaults to false.
             * @return {*} Verified, maybe adjusted, value
             * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be set for this field
             * @expose
             */
            FieldPrototype.verifyValue = function(value, skipRepeated) {
                skipRepeated = skipRepeated || false;
                var fail = function(val, msg) {
                    throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+" of type "+this.type.name+": "+val+" ("+msg+")");
                }.bind(this);
                if (value === null) { // NULL values for optional fields
                    if (this.required)
                        fail(typeof value, "required");
                    return null;
                }
                var i;
                if (this.repeated && !skipRepeated) { // Repeated values as arrays
                    if (!ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(value))
                        value = [value];
                    var res = [];
                    for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
                        res.push(this.verifyValue(value[i], true));
                    return res;
                }
                // All non-repeated fields expect no array
                if (!this.repeated && ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(value))
                    fail(typeof value, "no array expected");

                switch (this.type) {
                    // Signed 32bit
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
                        // Account for !NaN: value === value
                        if (typeof value !== 'number' || (value === value && value % 1 !== 0))
                            fail(typeof value, "not an integer");
                        return value > 4294967295 ? value | 0 : value;

                    // Unsigned 32bit
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
                        if (typeof value !== 'number' || (value === value && value % 1 !== 0))
                            fail(typeof value, "not an integer");
                        return value < 0 ? value >>> 0 : value;

                    // Signed 64bit
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]: {
                        if (ProtoBuf.Long)
                            try {
                                return mkLong(value, false);
                            } catch (e) {
                                fail(typeof value, e.message);
                            }
                        else
                            fail(typeof value, "requires Long.js");
                    }

                    // Unsigned 64bit
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]: {
                        if (ProtoBuf.Long)
                            try {
                                return mkLong(value, true);
                            } catch (e) {
                                fail(typeof value, e.message);
                            }
                        else
                            fail(typeof value, "requires Long.js");
                    }

                    // Bool
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
                        if (typeof value !== 'boolean')
                            fail(typeof value, "not a boolean");
                        return value;

                    // Float
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
                        if (typeof value !== 'number')
                            fail(typeof value, "not a number");
                        return value;

                    // Length-delimited string
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
                        if (typeof value !== 'string' && !(value && value instanceof String))
                            fail(typeof value, "not a string");
                        return ""+value; // Convert String object to string

                    // Length-delimited bytes
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]:
                        if (ByteBuffer.isByteBuffer(value))
                            return value;
                        return ByteBuffer.wrap(value, "base64");

                    // Constant enum value
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]: {
                        var values = this.resolvedType.getChildren(Enum.Value);
                        for (i=0; i<values.length; i++)
                            if (values[i].name == value)
                                return values[i].id;
                            else if (values[i].id == value)
                                return values[i].id;
                        fail(value, "not a valid enum value");
                    }
                    // Embedded message
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]: {
                        if (!value || typeof value !== 'object')
                            fail(typeof value, "object expected");
                        if (value instanceof this.resolvedType.clazz)
                            return value;
                        if (value instanceof ProtoBuf.Builder.Message) {
                            // Mismatched type: Convert to object (see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/ProtoBuf.js/issues/180)
                            var obj = {};
                            for (var i in value)
                                if (value.hasOwnProperty(i))
                                    obj[i] = value[i];
                            value = obj;
                        }
                        // Else let's try to construct one from a key-value object
                        return new (this.resolvedType.clazz)(value); // May throw for a hundred of reasons
                    }
                }

                // We should never end here
                throw Error("[INTERNAL] Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" (undefined type "+this.type+")");
            };

            /**
             * Encodes the specified field value to the specified buffer.
             * @param {*} value Verified field value
             * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to
             * @return {ByteBuffer} The ByteBuffer for chaining
             * @throws {Error} If the field cannot be encoded
             * @expose
             */
            FieldPrototype.encode = function(value, buffer) {
                if (this.type === null || typeof this.type !== 'object')
                    throw Error("[INTERNAL] Unresolved type in "+this.toString(true)+": "+this.type);
                if (value === null || (this.repeated && value.length == 0))
                    return buffer; // Optional omitted
                try {
                    if (this.repeated) {
                        var i;
                        // "Only repeated fields of primitive numeric types (types which use the varint, 32-bit, or 64-bit wire
                        // types) can be declared 'packed'."
                        if (this.options["packed"] && ProtoBuf.PACKABLE_WIRE_TYPES.indexOf(this.type.wireType) >= 0) {
                            // "All of the elements of the field are packed into a single key-value pair with wire type 2
                            // (length-delimited). Each element is encoded the same way it would be normally, except without a
                            // tag preceding it."
                            buffer.writeVarint32((this.id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM);
                            buffer.ensureCapacity(buffer.offset += 1); // We do not know the length yet, so let's assume a varint of length 1
                            var start = buffer.offset; // Remember where the contents begin
                            for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
                                this.encodeValue(value[i], buffer);
                            var len = buffer.offset-start,
                                varintLen = ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(len);
                            if (varintLen > 1) { // We need to move the contents
                                var contents = buffer.slice(start, buffer.offset);
                                start += varintLen-1;
                                buffer.offset = start;
                                buffer.append(contents);
                            }
                            buffer.writeVarint32(len, start-varintLen);
                        } else {
                            // "If your message definition has repeated elements (without the [packed=true] option), the encoded
                            // message has zero or more key-value pairs with the same tag number"
                            for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
                                buffer.writeVarint32((this.id << 3) | this.type.wireType),
                                this.encodeValue(value[i], buffer);
                        }
                    } else
                        buffer.writeVarint32((this.id << 3) | this.type.wireType),
                        this.encodeValue(value, buffer);
                } catch (e) {
                    throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" ("+e+")");
                }
                return buffer;
            };

            /**
             * Encodes a value to the specified buffer. Does not encode the key.
             * @param {*} value Field value
             * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to encode to
             * @return {ByteBuffer} The ByteBuffer for chaining
             * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be encoded
             * @expose
             */
            FieldPrototype.encodeValue = function(value, buffer) {
                if (value === null) return buffer; // Nothing to encode
                // Tag has already been written

                switch (this.type) {
                    // 32bit signed varint
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
                        // "If you use int32 or int64 as the type for a negative number, the resulting varint is always ten bytes
                        // long – it is, effectively, treated like a very large unsigned integer." (see #122)
                        if (value < 0)
                            buffer.writeVarint64(value);
                        else
                            buffer.writeVarint32(value);
                        break;

                    // 32bit unsigned varint
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
                        buffer.writeVarint32(value);
                        break;

                    // 32bit varint zig-zag
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
                        buffer.writeVarint32ZigZag(value);
                        break;

                    // Fixed unsigned 32bit
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
                        buffer.writeUint32(value);
                        break;

                    // Fixed signed 32bit
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
                        buffer.writeInt32(value);
                        break;

                    // 64bit varint as-is
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
                        buffer.writeVarint64(value); // throws
                        break;

                    // 64bit varint zig-zag
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
                        buffer.writeVarint64ZigZag(value); // throws
                        break;

                    // Fixed unsigned 64bit
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]:
                        buffer.writeUint64(value); // throws
                        break;

                    // Fixed signed 64bit
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]:
                        buffer.writeInt64(value); // throws
                        break;

                    // Bool
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
                        if (typeof value === 'string')
                            buffer.writeVarint32(value.toLowerCase() === 'false' ? 0 : !!value);
                        else
                            buffer.writeVarint32(value ? 1 : 0);
                        break;

                    // Constant enum value
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]:
                        buffer.writeVarint32(value);
                        break;

                    // 32bit float
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
                        buffer.writeFloat32(value);
                        break;

                    // 64bit float
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
                        buffer.writeFloat64(value);
                        break;

                    // Length-delimited string
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
                        buffer.writeVString(value);
                        break;

                    // Length-delimited bytes
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]:
                        if (value.remaining() < 0)
                            throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value.remaining()+" bytes remaining");
                        var prevOffset = value.offset;
                        buffer.writeVarint32(value.remaining());
                        buffer.append(value);
                        value.offset = prevOffset;
                        break;

                    // Embedded message
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]:
                        var bb = new ByteBuffer().LE();
                        this.resolvedType.encode(value, bb);
                        buffer.writeVarint32(bb.offset);
                        buffer.append(bb.flip());
                        break;

                    // Legacy group
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"]:
                        this.resolvedType.encode(value, buffer);
                        buffer.writeVarint32((this.id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP);
                        break;

                    default:
                        // We should never end here
                        throw Error("[INTERNAL] Illegal value to encode in "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" (unknown type)");
                }
                return buffer;
            };

            /**
             * Calculates the length of this field's value on the network level.
             * @param {*} value Field value
             * @returns {number} Byte length
             * @expose
             */
            FieldPrototype.calculate = function(value) {
                value = this.verifyValue(value); // May throw
                if (this.type === null || typeof this.type !== 'object')
                    throw Error("[INTERNAL] Unresolved type in "+this.toString(true)+": "+this.type);
                if (value === null || (this.repeated && value.length == 0))
                    return 0; // Optional omitted
                var n = 0;
                try {
                    if (this.repeated) {
                        var i, ni;
                        if (this.options["packed"] && ProtoBuf.PACKABLE_WIRE_TYPES.indexOf(this.type.wireType) >= 0) {
                            n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((this.id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM);
                            ni = 0;
                            for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
                                ni += this.calculateValue(value[i]);
                            n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(ni);
                            n += ni;
                        } else {
                            for (i=0; i<value.length; i++)
                                n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((this.id << 3) | this.type.wireType),
                                n += this.calculateValue(value[i]);
                        }
                    } else {
                        n += ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((this.id << 3) | this.type.wireType);
                        n += this.calculateValue(value);
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" ("+e+")");
                }
                return n;
            };

            /**
             * Calculates the byte length of a value.
             * @param {*} value Field value
             * @returns {number} Byte length
             * @throws {Error} If the value cannot be calculated
             * @expose
             */
            FieldPrototype.calculateValue = function(value) {
                if (value === null) return 0; // Nothing to encode
                // Tag has already been written
                var n;
                switch (this.type) {
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
                        return value < 0 ? ByteBuffer.calculateVarint64(value) : ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value);
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
                        return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value);
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
                        return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(ByteBuffer.zigZagEncode32(value));
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
                        return 4;
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
                        return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint64(value);
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
                        return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint64(ByteBuffer.zigZagEncode64(value));
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]:
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]:
                        return 8;
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
                        return 1;
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]:
                        return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value);
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
                        return 8;
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
                        n = ByteBuffer.calculateUTF8Bytes(value);
                        return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(n) + n;
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]:
                        if (value.remaining() < 0)
                            throw Error("Illegal value for "+this.toString(true)+": "+value.remaining()+" bytes remaining");
                        return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(value.remaining()) + value.remaining();
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]:
                        n = this.resolvedType.calculate(value);
                        return ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32(n) + n;
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"]:
                        n = this.resolvedType.calculate(value);
                        return n + ByteBuffer.calculateVarint32((this.id << 3) | ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.ENDGROUP);
                }
                // We should never end here
                throw Error("[INTERNAL] Illegal value to encode in "+this.toString(true)+": "+value+" (unknown type)");
            };

            /**
             * Decode the field value from the specified buffer.
             * @param {number} wireType Leading wire type
             * @param {ByteBuffer} buffer ByteBuffer to decode from
             * @param {boolean=} skipRepeated Whether to skip the repeated check or not. Defaults to false.
             * @return {*} Decoded value
             * @throws {Error} If the field cannot be decoded
             * @expose
             */
            FieldPrototype.decode = function(wireType, buffer, skipRepeated) {
                var value, nBytes;
                if (wireType != this.type.wireType && (skipRepeated || (wireType != ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM || !this.repeated)))
                    throw Error("Illegal wire type for field "+this.toString(true)+": "+wireType+" ("+this.type.wireType+" expected)");
                if (wireType == ProtoBuf.WIRE_TYPES.LDELIM && this.repeated && this.options["packed"] && ProtoBuf.PACKABLE_WIRE_TYPES.indexOf(this.type.wireType) >= 0) {
                    if (!skipRepeated) {
                        nBytes = buffer.readVarint32();
                        nBytes = buffer.offset + nBytes; // Limit
                        var values = [];
                        while (buffer.offset < nBytes)
                            values.push(this.decode(this.type.wireType, buffer, true));
                        return values;
                    }
                    // Read the next value otherwise...
                }
                switch (this.type) {
                    // 32bit signed varint
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int32"]:
                        return buffer.readVarint32() | 0;

                    // 32bit unsigned varint
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint32"]:
                        return buffer.readVarint32() >>> 0;

                    // 32bit signed varint zig-zag
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint32"]:
                        return buffer.readVarint32ZigZag() | 0;

                    // Fixed 32bit unsigned
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed32"]:
                        return buffer.readUint32() >>> 0;

                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed32"]:
                        return buffer.readInt32() | 0;

                    // 64bit signed varint
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["int64"]:
                        return buffer.readVarint64();

                    // 64bit unsigned varint
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["uint64"]:
                        return buffer.readVarint64().toUnsigned();

                    // 64bit signed varint zig-zag
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sint64"]:
                        return buffer.readVarint64ZigZag();

                    // Fixed 64bit unsigned
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["fixed64"]:
                        return buffer.readUint64();

                    // Fixed 64bit signed
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["sfixed64"]:
                        return buffer.readInt64();

                    // Bool varint
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bool"]:
                        return !!buffer.readVarint32();

                    // Constant enum value (varint)
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"]:
                        // The following Builder.Message#set will already throw
                        return buffer.readVarint32();

                    // 32bit float
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["float"]:
                        return buffer.readFloat();

                    // 64bit float
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["double"]:
                        return buffer.readDouble();

                    // Length-delimited string
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["string"]:
                        return buffer.readVString();

                    // Length-delimited bytes
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["bytes"]: {
                        nBytes = buffer.readVarint32();
                        if (buffer.remaining() < nBytes)
                            throw Error("Illegal number of bytes for "+this.toString(true)+": "+nBytes+" required but got only "+buffer.remaining());
                        value = buffer.clone(); // Offset already set
                        value.limit = value.offset+nBytes;
                        buffer.offset += nBytes;
                        return value;
                    }

                    // Length-delimited embedded message
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"]: {
                        nBytes = buffer.readVarint32();
                        return this.resolvedType.decode(buffer, nBytes);
                    }

                    // Legacy group
                    case ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"]:
                        return this.resolvedType.decode(buffer, -1, this.id);
                }

                // We should never end here
                throw Error("[INTERNAL] Illegal wire type for "+this.toString(true)+": "+wireType);
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Message.Field = Field;

            /**
             * Constructs a new Message ExtensionField.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.ExtensionField
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message} message Message reference
             * @param {string} rule Rule, one of requried, optional, repeated
             * @param {string} type Data type, e.g. int32
             * @param {string} name Field name
             * @param {number} id Unique field id
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field
             */
            var ExtensionField = function(builder, message, rule, type, name, id, options) {
                Field.call(this, builder, message, rule, type, name, id, options);

                /**
                 * Extension reference.
                 * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Extension}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.extension;
            };

            // Extends Field
            ExtensionField.prototype = Object.create(Field.prototype);

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.ExtensionField
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Message.ExtensionField = ExtensionField;

            /**
             * Constructs a new Message OneOf.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message} message Message reference
             * @param {string} name OneOf name
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
             */
            var OneOf = function(builder, message, name) {
                T.call(this, builder, message, name);

                /**
                 * Enclosed fields.
                 * @type {!Array.<!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field>}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.fields = [];
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Message.OneOf = OneOf;

            /**
             * Constructs a new Enum.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} parent Parent Reflect object
             * @param {string} name Enum name
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Enum options
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
             */
            var Enum = function(builder, parent, name, options) {
                Namespace.call(this, builder, parent, name, options);

                /**
                 * @override
                 */
                this.className = "Enum";

                /**
                 * Runtime enum object.
                 * @type {Object.<string,number>|null}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.object = null;
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.prototype
             * @inner
             */
            var EnumPrototype = Enum.prototype = Object.create(Namespace.prototype);

            /**
             * Builds this enum and returns the runtime counterpart.
             * @return {Object<string,*>}
             * @expose
             */
            EnumPrototype.build = function() {
                var enm = {},
                    values = this.getChildren(Enum.Value);
                for (var i=0, k=values.length; i<k; ++i)
                    enm[values[i]['name']] = values[i]['id'];
                if (Object.defineProperty)
                    Object.defineProperty(enm, '$options', { "value": this.buildOpt() });
                return this.object = enm;
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Enum = Enum;

            /**
             * Constructs a new Enum Value.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.Value
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum} enm Enum reference
             * @param {string} name Field name
             * @param {number} id Unique field id
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
             */
            var Value = function(builder, enm, name, id) {
                T.call(this, builder, enm, name);

                /**
                 * @override
                 */
                this.className = "Enum.Value";

                /**
                 * Unique enum value id.
                 * @type {number}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.id = id;
            };

            // Extends T
            Value.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.Value
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Enum.Value = Value;

            /**
             * An extension (field).
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Extension
             * @constructor
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} parent Parent object
             * @param {string} name Object name
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field} field Extension field
             */
            var Extension = function(builder, parent, name, field) {
                T.call(this, builder, parent, name);

                /**
                 * Extended message field.
                 * @type {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.Field}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.field = field;
            };

            // Extends T
            Extension.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Extension
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Extension = Extension;

            /**
             * Constructs a new Service.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace} root Root
             * @param {string} name Service name
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace
             */
            var Service = function(builder, root, name, options) {
                Namespace.call(this, builder, root, name, options);

                /**
                 * @override
                 */
                this.className = "Service";

                /**
                 * Built runtime service class.
                 * @type {?function(new:ProtoBuf.Builder.Service)}
                 */
                this.clazz = null;
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.prototype
             * @inner
             */
            var ServicePrototype = Service.prototype = Object.create(Namespace.prototype);

            /**
             * Builds the service and returns the runtime counterpart, which is a fully functional class.
             * @see ProtoBuf.Builder.Service
             * @param {boolean=} rebuild Whether to rebuild or not
             * @return {Function} Service class
             * @throws {Error} If the message cannot be built
             * @expose
             */
            ServicePrototype.build = function(rebuild) {
                if (this.clazz && !rebuild)
                    return this.clazz;

                // Create the runtime Service class in its own scope
                return this.clazz = (function(ProtoBuf, T) {

                    /**
                     * Constructs a new runtime Service.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service
                     * @param {function(string, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message, function(Error, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message=))=} rpcImpl RPC implementation receiving the method name and the message
                     * @class Barebone of all runtime services.
                     * @constructor
                     * @throws {Error} If the service cannot be created
                     */
                    var Service = function(rpcImpl) {
                        ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.call(this);

                        /**
                         * Service implementation.
                         * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service#rpcImpl
                         * @type {!function(string, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message, function(Error, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message=))}
                         * @expose
                         */
                        this.rpcImpl = rpcImpl || function(name, msg, callback) {
                            // This is what a user has to implement: A function receiving the method name, the actual message to
                            // send (type checked) and the callback that's either provided with the error as its first
                            // argument or null and the actual response message.
                            setTimeout(callback.bind(this, Error("Not implemented, see: https://github.com/dcodeIO/ProtoBuf.js/wiki/Services")), 0); // Must be async!
                        };
                    };

                    /**
                     * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.prototype
                     * @inner
                     */
                    var ServicePrototype = Service.prototype = Object.create(ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.prototype);

                    if (Object.defineProperty)
                        Object.defineProperty(Service, "$options", { "value": T.buildOpt() }),
                        Object.defineProperty(ServicePrototype, "$options", { "value": Service["$options"] });

                    /**
                     * Asynchronously performs an RPC call using the given RPC implementation.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service.[Method]
                     * @function
                     * @param {!function(string, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message, function(Error, ProtoBuf.Builder.Message=))} rpcImpl RPC implementation
                     * @param {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} req Request
                     * @param {function(Error, (ProtoBuf.Builder.Message|ByteBuffer|Buffer|string)=)} callback Callback receiving
                     *  the error if any and the response either as a pre-parsed message or as its raw bytes
                     * @abstract
                     */

                    /**
                     * Asynchronously performs an RPC call using the instance's RPC implementation.
                     * @name ProtoBuf.Builder.Service#[Method]
                     * @function
                     * @param {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message} req Request
                     * @param {function(Error, (ProtoBuf.Builder.Message|ByteBuffer|Buffer|string)=)} callback Callback receiving
                     *  the error if any and the response either as a pre-parsed message or as its raw bytes
                     * @abstract
                     */

                    var rpc = T.getChildren(ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.RPCMethod);
                    for (var i=0; i<rpc.length; i++) {
                        (function(method) {

                            // service#Method(message, callback)
                            ServicePrototype[method.name] = function(req, callback) {
                                try {
                                    if (!req || !(req instanceof method.resolvedRequestType.clazz)) {
                                        setTimeout(callback.bind(this, Error("Illegal request type provided to service method "+T.name+"#"+method.name)), 0);
                                        return;
                                    }
                                    this.rpcImpl(method.fqn(), req, function(err, res) { // Assumes that this is properly async
                                        if (err) {
                                            callback(err);
                                            return;
                                        }
                                        try { res = method.resolvedResponseType.clazz.decode(res); } catch (notABuffer) {}
                                        if (!res || !(res instanceof method.resolvedResponseType.clazz)) {
                                            callback(Error("Illegal response type received in service method "+ T.name+"#"+method.name));
                                            return;
                                        }
                                        callback(null, res);
                                    });
                                } catch (err) {
                                    setTimeout(callback.bind(this, err), 0);
                                }
                            };

                            // Service.Method(rpcImpl, message, callback)
                            Service[method.name] = function(rpcImpl, req, callback) {
                                new Service(rpcImpl)[method.name](req, callback);
                            };

                            if (Object.defineProperty)
                                Object.defineProperty(Service[method.name], "$options", { "value": method.buildOpt() }),
                                Object.defineProperty(ServicePrototype[method.name], "$options", { "value": Service[method.name]["$options"] });
                        })(rpc[i]);
                    }

                    return Service;

                })(ProtoBuf, this);
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Service = Service;

            /**
             * Abstract service method.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service} svc Service
             * @param {string} name Method name
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.T
             */
            var Method = function(builder, svc, name, options) {
                T.call(this, builder, svc, name);

                /**
                 * @override
                 */
                this.className = "Service.Method";

                /**
                 * Options.
                 * @type {Object.<string, *>}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.options = options || {};
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method.prototype
             * @inner
             */
            var MethodPrototype = Method.prototype = Object.create(T.prototype);

            /**
             * Builds the method's '$options' property.
             * @name ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method#buildOpt
             * @function
             * @return {Object.<string,*>}
             */
            MethodPrototype.buildOpt = NamespacePrototype.buildOpt;

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Service.Method = Method;

            /**
             * RPC service method.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.RPCMethod
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Builder} builder Builder reference
             * @param {!ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service} svc Service
             * @param {string} name Method name
             * @param {string} request Request message name
             * @param {string} response Response message name
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
             * @constructor
             * @extends ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method
             */
            var RPCMethod = function(builder, svc, name, request, response, options) {
                Method.call(this, builder, svc, name, options);

                /**
                 * @override
                 */
                this.className = "Service.RPCMethod";

                /**
                 * Request message name.
                 * @type {string}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.requestName = request;

                /**
                 * Response message name.
                 * @type {string}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.responseName = response;

                /**
                 * Resolved request message type.
                 * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.resolvedRequestType = null;

                /**
                 * Resolved response message type.
                 * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.resolvedResponseType = null;
            };

            // Extends Method
            RPCMethod.prototype = Object.create(Method.prototype);

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.RPCMethod
             * @expose
             */
            Reflect.Service.RPCMethod = RPCMethod;

            return Reflect;

        })(ProtoBuf);

        /**
         * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.Builder = (function(ProtoBuf, Lang, Reflect) {
            "use strict";

            /**
             * Constructs a new Builder.
             * @exports ProtoBuf.Builder
             * @class Provides the functionality to build protocol messages.
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Options
             * @constructor
             */
            var Builder = function(options) {

                /**
                 * Namespace.
                 * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.Namespace}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.ns = new Reflect.Namespace(this, null, ""); // Global namespace

                /**
                 * Namespace pointer.
                 * @type {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.ptr = this.ns;

                /**
                 * Resolved flag.
                 * @type {boolean}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.resolved = false;

                /**
                 * The current building result.
                 * @type {Object.<string,ProtoBuf.Builder.Message|Object>|null}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.result = null;

                /**
                 * Imported files.
                 * @type {Array.<string>}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.files = {};

                /**
                 * Import root override.
                 * @type {?string}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.importRoot = null;

                /**
                 * Options.
                 * @type {!Object.<string, *>}
                 * @expose
                 */
                this.options = options || {};
            };

            /**
             * @alias ProtoBuf.Builder.prototype
             * @inner
             */
            var BuilderPrototype = Builder.prototype;

            /**
             * Resets the pointer to the root namespace.
             * @expose
             */
            BuilderPrototype.reset = function() {
                this.ptr = this.ns;
            };

            /**
             * Defines a package on top of the current pointer position and places the pointer on it.
             * @param {string} pkg
             * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options
             * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder} this
             * @throws {Error} If the package name is invalid
             * @expose
             */
            BuilderPrototype.define = function(pkg, options) {
                if (typeof pkg !== 'string' || !Lang.TYPEREF.test(pkg))
                    throw Error("Illegal package: "+pkg);
                var part = pkg.split("."), i;
                for (i=0; i<part.length; i++) // To be absolutely sure
                    if (!Lang.NAME.test(part[i]))
                        throw Error("Illegal package: "+part[i]);
                for (i=0; i<part.length; i++) {
                    if (this.ptr.getChild(part[i]) === null) // Keep existing namespace
                        this.ptr.addChild(new Reflect.Namespace(this, this.ptr, part[i], options));
                    this.ptr = this.ptr.getChild(part[i]);
                }
                return this;
            };

            /**
             * Tests if a definition is a valid message definition.
             * @param {Object.<string,*>} def Definition
             * @return {boolean} true if valid, else false
             * @expose
             */
            Builder.isValidMessage = function(def) {
                // Messages require a string name
                if (typeof def["name"] !== 'string' || !Lang.NAME.test(def["name"]))
                    return false;
                // Messages must not contain values (that'd be an enum) or methods (that'd be a service)
                if (typeof def["values"] !== 'undefined' || typeof def["rpc"] !== 'undefined')
                    return false;
                // Fields, enums and messages are arrays if provided
                var i;
                if (typeof def["fields"] !== 'undefined') {
                    if (!ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(def["fields"]))
                        return false;
                    var ids = [], id; // IDs must be unique
                    for (i=0; i<def["fields"].length; i++) {
                        if (!Builder.isValidMessageField(def["fields"][i]))
                            return false;
                        id = parseInt(def["fields"][i]["id"], 10);
                        if (ids.indexOf(id) >= 0)
                            return false;
                        ids.push(id);
                    }
                    ids = null;
                }
                if (typeof def["enums"] !== 'undefined') {
                    if (!ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(def["enums"]))
                        return false;
                    for (i=0; i<def["enums"].length; i++)
                        if (!Builder.isValidEnum(def["enums"][i]))
                            return false;
                }
                if (typeof def["messages"] !== 'undefined') {
                    if (!ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(def["messages"]))
                        return false;
                    for (i=0; i<def["messages"].length; i++)
                        if (!Builder.isValidMessage(def["messages"][i]) && !Builder.isValidExtend(def["messages"][i]))
                            return false;
                }
                if (typeof def["extensions"] !== 'undefined')
                    if (!ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(def["extensions"]) || def["extensions"].length !== 2 || typeof def["extensions"][0] !== 'number' || typeof def["extensions"][1] !== 'number')
                        return false;
                return true;
            };

            /**
             * Tests if a definition is a valid message field definition.
             * @param {Object} def Definition
             * @return {boolean} true if valid, else false
             * @expose
             */
            Builder.isValidMessageField = function(def) {
                // Message fields require a string rule, name and type and an id
                if (typeof def["rule"] !== 'string' || typeof def["name"] !== 'string' || typeof def["type"] !== 'string' || typeof def["id"] === 'undefined')
                    return false;
                if (!Lang.RULE.test(def["rule"]) || !Lang.NAME.test(def["name"]) || !Lang.TYPEREF.test(def["type"]) || !Lang.ID.test(""+def["id"]))
                    return false;
                if (typeof def["options"] !== 'undefined') {
                    // Options are objects
                    if (typeof def["options"] !== 'object')
                        return false;
                    // Options are <string,string|number|boolean>
                    var keys = Object.keys(def["options"]);
                    for (var i=0, key; i<keys.length; i++)
                        if (typeof (key = keys[i]) !== 'string' || (typeof def["options"][key] !== 'string' && typeof def["options"][key] !== 'number' && typeof def["options"][key] !== 'boolean'))
                            return false;
                }
                return true;
            };

            /**
             * Tests if a definition is a valid enum definition.
             * @param {Object} def Definition
             * @return {boolean} true if valid, else false
             * @expose
             */
            Builder.isValidEnum = function(def) {
                // Enums require a string name
                if (typeof def["name"] !== 'string' || !Lang.NAME.test(def["name"]))
                    return false;
                // Enums require at least one value
                if (typeof def["values"] === 'undefined' || !ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(def["values"]) || def["values"].length == 0)
                    return false;
                for (var i=0; i<def["values"].length; i++) {
                    // Values are objects
                    if (typeof def["values"][i] != "object")
                        return false;
                    // Values require a string name and an id
                    if (typeof def["values"][i]["name"] !== 'string' || typeof def["values"][i]["id"] === 'undefined')
                        return false;
                    if (!Lang.NAME.test(def["values"][i]["name"]) || !Lang.NEGID.test(""+def["values"][i]["id"]))
                        return false;
                }
                // It's not important if there are other fields because ["values"] is already unique
                return true;
            };

            /**
             * Creates ths specified protocol types at the current pointer position.
             * @param {Array.<Object.<string,*>>} defs Messages, enums or services to create
             * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder} this
             * @throws {Error} If a message definition is invalid
             * @expose
             */
            BuilderPrototype.create = function(defs) {
                if (!defs)
                    return this; // Nothing to create
                if (!ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(defs))
                    defs = [defs];
                if (defs.length == 0)
                    return this;

                // It's quite hard to keep track of scopes and memory here, so let's do this iteratively.
                var stack = [];
                stack.push(defs); // One level [a, b, c]
                while (stack.length > 0) {
                    defs = stack.pop();
                    if (ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(defs)) { // Stack always contains entire namespaces
                        while (defs.length > 0) {
                            var def = defs.shift(); // Namespace always contains an array of messages, enums and services
                            if (Builder.isValidMessage(def)) {
                                var obj = new Reflect.Message(this, this.ptr, def["name"], def["options"], def["isGroup"]);
                                // Create OneOfs
                                var oneofs = {};
                                if (def["oneofs"]) {
                                    var keys = Object.keys(def["oneofs"]);
                                    for (var i=0, k=keys.length; i<k; ++i)
                                        obj.addChild(oneofs[keys[i]] = new Reflect.Message.OneOf(this, obj, keys[i]));
                                }
                                // Create fields
                                if (def["fields"] && def["fields"].length > 0) {
                                    for (i=0, k=def["fields"].length; i<k; ++i) { // i:k=Fields
                                        var fld = def['fields'][i];
                                        if (obj.getChild(fld['id']) !== null)
                                            throw Error("Duplicate field id in message "+obj.name+": "+fld['id']);
                                        if (fld["options"]) {
                                            var opts = Object.keys(fld["options"]);
                                            for (var j= 0,l=opts.length; j<l; ++j) { // j:l=Option names
                                                if (typeof opts[j] !== 'string')
                                                    throw Error("Illegal field option name in message "+obj.name+"#"+fld["name"]+": "+opts[j]);
                                                if (typeof fld["options"][opts[j]] !== 'string' && typeof fld["options"][opts[j]] !== 'number' && typeof fld["options"][opts[j]] !== 'boolean')
                                                    throw Error("Illegal field option value in message "+obj.name+"#"+fld["name"]+"#"+opts[j]+": "+fld["options"][opts[j]]);
                                            }
                                        }
                                        var oneof = null;
                                        if (typeof fld["oneof"] === 'string') {
                                            oneof = oneofs[fld["oneof"]];
                                            if (typeof oneof === 'undefined')
                                                throw Error("Illegal oneof in message "+obj.name+"#"+fld["name"]+": "+fld["oneof"]);
                                        }
                                        fld = new Reflect.Message.Field(this, obj, fld["rule"], fld["type"], fld["name"], fld["id"], fld["options"], oneof);
                                        if (oneof)
                                            oneof.fields.push(fld);
                                        obj.addChild(fld);
                                    }
                                }
                                // Push enums and messages to stack
                                var subObj = [];
                                if (typeof def["enums"] !== 'undefined' && def['enums'].length > 0)
                                    for (i=0; i<def["enums"].length; i++)
                                        subObj.push(def["enums"][i]);
                                if (def["messages"] && def["messages"].length > 0)
                                    for (i=0; i<def["messages"].length; i++)
                                        subObj.push(def["messages"][i]);
                                // Set extension range
                                if (def["extensions"]) {
                                    obj.extensions = def["extensions"];
                                    if (obj.extensions[0] < ProtoBuf.ID_MIN)
                                        obj.extensions[0] = ProtoBuf.ID_MIN;
                                    if (obj.extensions[1] > ProtoBuf.ID_MAX)
                                        obj.extensions[1] = ProtoBuf.ID_MAX;
                                }
                                this.ptr.addChild(obj); // Add to current namespace
                                if (subObj.length > 0) {
                                    stack.push(defs); // Push the current level back
                                    defs = subObj; // Continue processing sub level
                                    subObj = null;
                                    this.ptr = obj; // And move the pointer to this namespace
                                    obj = null;
                                    continue;
                                }
                                subObj = null;
                                obj = null;
                            } else if (Builder.isValidEnum(def)) {
                                obj = new Reflect.Enum(this, this.ptr, def["name"], def["options"]);
                                for (i=0; i<def["values"].length; i++)
                                    obj.addChild(new Reflect.Enum.Value(this, obj, def["values"][i]["name"], def["values"][i]["id"]));
                                this.ptr.addChild(obj);
                                obj = null;
                            } else if (Builder.isValidService(def)) {
                                obj = new Reflect.Service(this, this.ptr, def["name"], def["options"]);
                                for (i in def["rpc"])
                                    if (def["rpc"].hasOwnProperty(i))
                                        obj.addChild(new Reflect.Service.RPCMethod(this, obj, i, def["rpc"][i]["request"], def["rpc"][i]["response"], def["rpc"][i]["options"]));
                                this.ptr.addChild(obj);
                                obj = null;
                            } else if (Builder.isValidExtend(def)) {
                                obj = this.ptr.resolve(def["ref"]);
                                if (obj) {
                                    for (i=0; i<def["fields"].length; i++) { // i=Fields
                                        if (obj.getChild(def['fields'][i]['id']) !== null)
                                            throw Error("Duplicate extended field id in message "+obj.name+": "+def['fields'][i]['id']);
                                        if (def['fields'][i]['id'] < obj.extensions[0] || def['fields'][i]['id'] > obj.extensions[1])
                                            throw Error("Illegal extended field id in message "+obj.name+": "+def['fields'][i]['id']+" ("+obj.extensions.join(' to ')+" expected)");
                                        // Convert extension field names to camel case notation if the override is set
                                        var name = def["fields"][i]["name"];
                                        if (this.options['convertFieldsToCamelCase'])
                                            name = Reflect.Message.Field._toCamelCase(def["fields"][i]["name"]);
                                        // see #161: Extensions use their fully qualified name as their runtime key and...
                                        fld = new Reflect.Message.ExtensionField(this, obj, def["fields"][i]["rule"], def["fields"][i]["type"], this.ptr.fqn()+'.'+name, def["fields"][i]["id"], def["fields"][i]["options"]);
                                        // ...are added on top of the current namespace as an extension which is used for
                                        // resolving their type later on (the extension always keeps the original name to
                                        // prevent naming collisions)
                                        var ext = new Reflect.Extension(this, this.ptr, def["fields"][i]["name"], fld);
                                        fld.extension = ext;
                                        this.ptr.addChild(ext);
                                        obj.addChild(fld);
                                    }
                                } else if (!/\.?google\.protobuf\./.test(def["ref"])) // Silently skip internal extensions
                                    throw Error("Extended message "+def["ref"]+" is not defined");
                            } else
                                throw Error("Not a valid definition: "+JSON.stringify(def));
                            def = null;
                        }
                        // Break goes here
                    } else
                        throw Error("Not a valid namespace: "+JSON.stringify(defs));
                    defs = null;
                    this.ptr = this.ptr.parent; // This namespace is s done
                }
                this.resolved = false; // Require re-resolve
                this.result = null; // Require re-build
                return this;
            };

            /**
             * Imports another definition into this builder.
             * @param {Object.<string,*>} json Parsed import
             * @param {(string|{root: string, file: string})=} filename Imported file name
             * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder} this
             * @throws {Error} If the definition or file cannot be imported
             * @expose
             */
            BuilderPrototype["import"] = function(json, filename) {
                if (typeof filename === 'string') {
                    if (ProtoBuf.Util.IS_NODE)
                        filename = require("path")['resolve'](filename);
                    if (this.files[filename] === true) {
                        this.reset();
                        return this; // Skip duplicate imports
                    }
                    this.files[filename] = true;
                }
                if (!!json['imports'] && json['imports'].length > 0) {
                    var importRoot, delim = '/', resetRoot = false;
                    if (typeof filename === 'object') { // If an import root is specified, override
                        this.importRoot = filename["root"]; resetRoot = true; // ... and reset afterwards
                        importRoot = this.importRoot;
                        filename = filename["file"];
                        if (importRoot.indexOf("\\") >= 0 || filename.indexOf("\\") >= 0) delim = '\\';
                    } else if (typeof filename === 'string') {
                        if (this.importRoot) // If import root is overridden, use it
                            importRoot = this.importRoot;
                        else { // Otherwise compute from filename
                            if (filename.indexOf("/") >= 0) { // Unix
                                importRoot = filename.replace(/\/[^\/]*$/, "");
                                if (/* /file.proto */ importRoot === "")
                                    importRoot = "/";
                            } else if (filename.indexOf("\\") >= 0) { // Windows
                                importRoot = filename.replace(/\\[^\\]*$/, "");
                                delim = '\\';
                            } else
                                importRoot = ".";
                        }
                    } else
                        importRoot = null;

                    for (var i=0; i<json['imports'].length; i++) {
                        if (typeof json['imports'][i] === 'string') { // Import file
                            if (!importRoot)
                                throw Error("Cannot determine import root: File name is unknown");
                            var importFilename = json['imports'][i];
                            if (/^google\/protobuf\//.test(importFilename))
                                continue; // Not needed and therefore not used
                            importFilename = importRoot+delim+importFilename;
                            if (this.files[importFilename] === true)
                                continue; // Already imported
                            if (/\.proto$/i.test(importFilename) && !ProtoBuf.DotProto)     // If this is a NOPARSE build
                                importFilename = importFilename.replace(/\.proto$/, ".json"); // always load the JSON file
                            var contents = ProtoBuf.Util.fetch(importFilename);
                            if (contents === null)
                                throw Error("Failed to import '"+importFilename+"' in '"+filename+"': File not found");
                            if (/\.json$/i.test(importFilename)) // Always possible
                                this["import"](JSON.parse(contents+""), importFilename); // May throw
                            else
                                this["import"]((new ProtoBuf.DotProto.Parser(contents+"")).parse(), importFilename); // May throw
                        } else // Import structure
                            if (!filename)
                                this["import"](json['imports'][i]);
                            else if (/\.(\w+)$/.test(filename)) // With extension: Append _importN to the name portion to make it unique
                                this["import"](json['imports'][i], filename.replace(/^(.+)\.(\w+)$/, function($0, $1, $2) { return $1+"_import"+i+"."+$2; }));
                            else // Without extension: Append _importN to make it unique
                                this["import"](json['imports'][i], filename+"_import"+i);
                    }
                    if (resetRoot) // Reset import root override when all imports are done
                        this.importRoot = null;
                }
                if (json['messages']) {
                    if (json['package'])
                        this.define(json['package'], json["options"]);
                    this.create(json['messages']);
                    this.reset();
                }
                if (json['enums']) {
                    if (json['package'])
                        this.define(json['package'], json["options"]);
                    this.create(json['enums']);
                    this.reset();
                }
                if (json['services']) {
                    if (json['package'])
                        this.define(json['package'], json["options"]);
                    this.create(json['services']);
                    this.reset();
                }
                if (json['extends']) {
                    if (json['package'])
                        this.define(json['package'], json["options"]);
                    this.create(json['extends']);
                    this.reset();
                }
                return this;
            };

            /**
             * Tests if a definition is a valid service definition.
             * @param {Object} def Definition
             * @return {boolean} true if valid, else false
             * @expose
             */
            Builder.isValidService = function(def) {
                // Services require a string name and an rpc object
                return !(typeof def["name"] !== 'string' || !Lang.NAME.test(def["name"]) || typeof def["rpc"] !== 'object');
            };

            /**
             * Tests if a definition is a valid extension.
             * @param {Object} def Definition
             * @returns {boolean} true if valid, else false
             * @expose
            */
            Builder.isValidExtend = function(def) {
                if (typeof def["ref"] !== 'string' || !Lang.TYPEREF.test(def["ref"]))
                    return false;
                var i;
                if (typeof def["fields"] !== 'undefined') {
                    if (!ProtoBuf.Util.isArray(def["fields"]))
                        return false;
                    var ids = [], id; // IDs must be unique (does not yet test for the extended message's ids)
                    for (i=0; i<def["fields"].length; i++) {
                        if (!Builder.isValidMessageField(def["fields"][i]))
                            return false;
                        id = parseInt(def["id"], 10);
                        if (ids.indexOf(id) >= 0)
                            return false;
                        ids.push(id);
                    }
                    ids = null;
                }
                return true;
            };

            /**
             * Resolves all namespace objects.
             * @throws {Error} If a type cannot be resolved
             * @expose
             */
            BuilderPrototype.resolveAll = function() {
                // Resolve all reflected objects
                var res;
                if (this.ptr == null || typeof this.ptr.type === 'object')
                    return; // Done (already resolved)
                if (this.ptr instanceof Reflect.Namespace) {
                    // Build all children
                    var children = this.ptr.children;
                    for (var i= 0, k=children.length; i<k; ++i)
                        this.ptr = children[i],
                        this.resolveAll();
                } else if (this.ptr instanceof Reflect.Message.Field) {
                    if (!Lang.TYPE.test(this.ptr.type)) { // Resolve type...
                        if (!Lang.TYPEREF.test(this.ptr.type))
                            throw Error("Illegal type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.type);
                        res = (this.ptr instanceof Reflect.Message.ExtensionField ? this.ptr.extension.parent : this.ptr.parent).resolve(this.ptr.type, true);
                        if (!res)
                            throw Error("Unresolvable type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.type);
                        this.ptr.resolvedType = res;
                        if (res instanceof Reflect.Enum)
                            this.ptr.type = ProtoBuf.TYPES["enum"];
                        else if (res instanceof Reflect.Message)
                            this.ptr.type = res.isGroup ? ProtoBuf.TYPES["group"] : ProtoBuf.TYPES["message"];
                        else
                            throw Error("Illegal type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.type);
                    } else
                        this.ptr.type = ProtoBuf.TYPES[this.ptr.type];
                } else if (this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Enum.Value) {
                    // No need to build enum values (built in enum)
                } else if (this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.Method) {
                    if (this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Service.RPCMethod) {
                        res = this.ptr.parent.resolve(this.ptr.requestName);
                        if (!res || !(res instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message))
                            throw Error("Illegal type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.requestName);
                        this.ptr.resolvedRequestType = res;
                        res = this.ptr.parent.resolve(this.ptr.responseName);
                        if (!res || !(res instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message))
                            throw Error("Illegal type reference in "+this.ptr.toString(true)+": "+this.ptr.responseName);
                        this.ptr.resolvedResponseType = res;
                    } else {
                        // Should not happen as nothing else is implemented
                        throw Error("Illegal service type in "+this.ptr.toString(true));
                    }
                } else if (!(this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Message.OneOf) && !(this.ptr instanceof ProtoBuf.Reflect.Extension))
                    throw Error("Illegal object in namespace: "+typeof(this.ptr)+":"+this.ptr);
                this.reset();
            };

            /**
             * Builds the protocol. This will first try to resolve all definitions and, if this has been successful,
             * return the built package.
             * @param {string=} path Specifies what to return. If omitted, the entire namespace will be returned.
             * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder.Message|Object.<string,*>}
             * @throws {Error} If a type could not be resolved
             * @expose
             */
            BuilderPrototype.build = function(path) {
                this.reset();
                if (!this.resolved)
                    this.resolveAll(),
                    this.resolved = true,
                    this.result = null; // Require re-build
                if (this.result == null) // (Re-)Build
                    this.result = this.ns.build();
                if (!path)
                    return this.result;
                else {
                    var part = path.split(".");
                    var ptr = this.result; // Build namespace pointer (no hasChild etc.)
                    for (var i=0; i<part.length; i++)
                        if (ptr[part[i]])
                            ptr = ptr[part[i]];
                        else {
                            ptr = null;
                            break;
                        }
                    return ptr;
                }
            };

            /**
             * Similar to {@link ProtoBuf.Builder#build}, but looks up the internal reflection descriptor.
             * @param {string=} path Specifies what to return. If omitted, the entire namespace wiil be returned.
             * @return {ProtoBuf.Reflect.T} Reflection descriptor or `null` if not found
             */
            BuilderPrototype.lookup = function(path) {
                return path ? this.ns.resolve(path) : this.ns;
            };

            /**
             * Returns a string representation of this object.
             * @return {string} String representation as of "Builder"
             * @expose
             */
            BuilderPrototype.toString = function() {
                return "Builder";
            };

            // Pseudo types documented in Reflect.js.
            // Exist for the sole purpose of being able to "... instanceof ProtoBuf.Builder.Message" etc.
            Builder.Message = function() {};
            Builder.Service = function() {};

            return Builder;

        })(ProtoBuf, ProtoBuf.Lang, ProtoBuf.Reflect);


        /**
         * Constructs a new empty Builder.
         * @param {Object.<string,*>=} options Builder options, defaults to global options set on ProtoBuf
         * @return {!ProtoBuf.Builder} Builder
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.newBuilder = function(options) {
            options = options || {};
            if (typeof options['convertFieldsToCamelCase'] === 'undefined')
                options['convertFieldsToCamelCase'] = ProtoBuf.convertFieldsToCamelCase;
            if (typeof options['populateAccessors'] === 'undefined')
                options['populateAccessors'] = ProtoBuf.populateAccessors;
            return new ProtoBuf.Builder(options);
        };

        /**
         * Loads a .json definition and returns the Builder.
         * @param {!*|string} json JSON definition
         * @param {(ProtoBuf.Builder|string|{root: string, file: string})=} builder Builder to append to. Will create a new one if omitted.
         * @param {(string|{root: string, file: string})=} filename The corresponding file name if known. Must be specified for imports.
         * @return {ProtoBuf.Builder} Builder to create new messages
         * @throws {Error} If the definition cannot be parsed or built
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.loadJson = function(json, builder, filename) {
            if (typeof builder === 'string' || (builder && typeof builder["file"] === 'string' && typeof builder["root"] === 'string'))
                filename = builder,
                builder = null;
            if (!builder || typeof builder !== 'object')
                builder = ProtoBuf.newBuilder();
            if (typeof json === 'string')
                json = JSON.parse(json);
            builder["import"](json, filename);
            builder.resolveAll();
            return builder;
        };

        /**
         * Loads a .json file and returns the Builder.
         * @param {string|!{root: string, file: string}} filename Path to json file or an object specifying 'file' with
         *  an overridden 'root' path for all imported files.
         * @param {function(?Error, !ProtoBuf.Builder=)=} callback Callback that will receive `null` as the first and
         *  the Builder as its second argument on success, otherwise the error as its first argument. If omitted, the
         *  file will be read synchronously and this function will return the Builder.
         * @param {ProtoBuf.Builder=} builder Builder to append to. Will create a new one if omitted.
         * @return {?ProtoBuf.Builder|undefined} The Builder if synchronous (no callback specified, will be NULL if the
         *   request has failed), else undefined
         * @expose
         */
        ProtoBuf.loadJsonFile = function(filename, callback, builder) {
            if (callback && typeof callback === 'object')
                builder = callback,
                callback = null;
            else if (!callback || typeof callback !== 'function')
                callback = null;
            if (callback)
                return ProtoBuf.Util.fetch(typeof filename === 'string' ? filename : filename["root"]+"/"+filename["file"], function(contents) {
                    if (contents === null) {
                        callback(Error("Failed to fetch file"));
                        return;
                    }
                    try {
                        callback(null, ProtoBuf.loadJson(JSON.parse(contents), builder, filename));
                    } catch (e) {
                        callback(e);
                    }
                });
            var contents = ProtoBuf.Util.fetch(typeof filename === 'object' ? filename["root"]+"/"+filename["file"] : filename);
            return contents === null ? null : ProtoBuf.loadJson(JSON.parse(contents), builder, filename);
        };

        return ProtoBuf;
    }

    /* CommonJS */ if (typeof require === 'function' && typeof module === 'object' && module && typeof exports === 'object' && exports)
        module['exports'] = init(require("bytebuffer"));
    /* AMD */ else if (typeof define === 'function' && define["amd"])
        define(["ByteBuffer"], init);
    /* Global */ else
        (global["dcodeIO"] = global["dcodeIO"] || {})["ProtoBuf"] = init(global["dcodeIO"]["ByteBuffer"]);

})(this);
